Symptoms of IBS

IBS symptoms can vary from person to person and even day to day. Common signs include:

• Abdominal pain or cramps
• Bloating or excess gas
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Changes in stool (poop) appearance and frequency
• Feeling of incomplete evacuation
• Mucus in stool (whitish appearance)

Medical Support for IBS

Diagnosis

Doctors diagnose IBS based on symptoms and by ruling out other possible conditions. There’s no specific test for IBS, but a combination of the following helps confirm the diagnosis:

• Symptom assessment and medical history

Your doctor will ask detailed questions about your symptoms, how often they occur, and any triggers you’ve noticed. The Rome IV criteria — used by specialists — focus on abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits.

• Exclusion of other conditions

Blood tests, stool tests, or imaging tests (colonoscopy) may be done to rule out other causes such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), celiac disease, or infections. These steps are especially important if there are abnormal symptoms like unexplained weight loss or blood in the stool.

Wondering what your appointment will be like? Find the answers in our Gastroenterology FAQ.

Treatment

IBS treatment is highly personalised — what works for one person may not work for another. The goal is to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life through a combination of approaches:

• Medications

Depending on symptoms, your doctor may recommend anti-diarrheals, laxatives, or even certain antidepressants that affect gut function. Medications which are specifically for individuals with IBS, like linaclotide or rifaximin may be prescribed too.

• Dietary therapies

A dietitian may help guide you through a low FODMAP plan or recommend fiber supplements. For some, probiotic therapy may also support gut health and reduce bloating or gas.

• Therapy

Therapy like cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and hypnotherapy can help you manage stress, depression, and anxiety — common triggers or contributing factors to IBS. If you’re interested, your doctor can refer you to a certified therapist.

Lifestyle Changes to Manage IBS

While there’s no cure for IBS, many people find lasting symptom relief through targeted lifestyle adjustments. Here are some everyday habits that can make a big difference:

• Adjust your diet: Certain foods — especially gas-producing vegetables, dairy products, caffeine, alcohol, and processed meals — can trigger symptoms. A low FODMAP diet, which limits fermentable carbs, is commonly recommended and can be effective under dietitian guidance.
• Stay active: Regular, moderate exercise 150 minutes a week supports healthy digestion and reduces stress, both of which are key for managing IBS. Gentle activities like walking, yoga, or swimming can help ease symptoms without overstraining the body.
• Manage stress levels: Stress doesn’t cause IBS but can absolutely make it worse. Incorporating relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or journaling into your routine can help an overactive nervous system.
• Maintain regular meal times: Eating at consistent times each day helps regulate bowel function. Avoid skipping meals or eating large portions in one sitting, as this may trigger cramping and bloating.
• Keep a symptom or food diary: Tracking what you eat, how you feel, and when symptoms occur can reveal hidden patterns. This makes it easier to identify and avoid personal triggers, whether they’re related to food, mood, or activity.

When Should You See a Doctor

Mild IBS symptoms can often be managed at home, but there are times when medical help is important:

• Fever
• Unexplained weight loss
• Persistent or severe abdominal pain
• Blood in your stool
• Nighttime bowel movements
• Family history of gastrointestinal diseases
• Acute or rapidly worsening symptoms
• Fatigue, fever, or anemia (low iron)
• Unexplained vomiting
• Signs of gastrointestinal bleeding
• Pain that isn’t relieved by passing gas or stool

If you notice any of these signs, book an appointment with your healthcare provider. These could indicate more serious conditions other than IBS and should be investigated promptly.

Suffering from abdominal pain? Discover the possible causes in this article on 8 Common Digestive Conditions You Might Be Experiencing.

Learn How to Prevent and Manage Your IBS Flare-ups

Living with IBS can feel isolating and overwhelming — but it doesn’t have to be. 

With the right knowledge, lifestyle strategies, and medical support, many people are able to manage their symptoms and regain control of their lives. 

If you’re struggling with ongoing digestive discomfort or suspect IBS may be affecting you or a loved one, it’s worth speaking to a specialist.

At Island Hospital, our expert gastroenterologists offer advanced diagnostics and personalised care plans for all your digestive needs. 

Take the first step toward better digestive health — Schedule an appointment today!

FAQ

Can IBS be cured or only managed?

IBS cannot be cured, but it can be effectively managed through lifestyle changes, stress management, and medication. Treatment focuses on reducing symptoms and improving quality of life over the long term.

What are the causes of IBS?

The exact cause of IBS is unknown, but it’s believed to involve a combination of gut-brain communication issues, abnormal gut motility, and heightened sensitivity in the digestive tract. Factors like infections, food intolerances, and stress may also play a role.

Can stress really cause IBS flare-ups?

Yes, stress can trigger or worsen IBS symptoms because it affects the gut-brain axis, which plays a central role in IBS. Emotional stress doesn’t cause IBS, but it can intensify symptoms like cramping, bloating, and bowel changes.

What are the risks of IBS?

IBS does not lead to serious diseases like cancer, but it can significantly affect quality of life by causing chronic discomfort, fatigue, and social limitations. In some cases, it may also lead to anxiety or depression due to ongoing symptoms.

Who is at risk of getting IBS?

IBS is more common in women, people under 50, and those with a family history of the condition. A history of gastrointestinal infections or high levels of stress can also increase the risk.

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